Signals to other road users

Signals used to other road users, including direction indicator signals, brake light signals, reversing light signals and arm signals.

Direction indicator signals

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to move in to the left or turn left or stop on the left

I intend to move in to the left or turn left or stop on the left

These signals should not be used except for the purpose described.

Brake light signals

I am applying the brakes

I am applying the brakes

This signal should not be used except for the purpose described.

Reversing light signals

I intend to reverse

I intend to reverse

This signal should not be used except for the purpose described.

Arm signals

For use when direction indicator signals are not used, or when necessary to reinforce direction indicator signals and stop lights. Also for use by pedal cyclists and those in charge of horses.

I intend to move in to the left or turn left

I intend to move in to the left or turn left

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to slow down or stop

I intend to slow down or stop

I intend to move in to the left or turn left

I intend to move in to the left or turn left

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to move out to the right or turn right

I intend to slow down or stop

I intend to slow down or stop

These signals should not be used except for the purpose described.

Hazard lights

I am temporarily obstructing traffic or warning of a hazard or obstruction ahead (see Rule 116)

Site Editorial Note: The explanations and Theory Test tips below are prepared by our editorial team based on the Highway Code. For the official rules, always check the current Highway Code.

Signals to Other Road Users: What You Need to Know for the Theory Test

Drivers use indicators, brake lights, reversing lights, arm signals and hazard lights to communicate their intentions. The key is understanding what each signal means and when it should be used.

DIRECTION INDICATORS

Show your intended movement

Use the appropriate indicator to show that you intend to move left or right, turn, or stop on the left. Signal clearly and at the appropriate time.

HOW TO APPLY

A signal does not give you priority

An indicator tells others what you intend to do. It does not automatically give you the right to move. Check mirrors, position and surrounding traffic before changing direction or lane.

THEORY TEST

What is a common indicator mistake?

Do not treat an indicator as permission to move. The correct sequence is to observe the road, make sure the movement is safe, then signal and act appropriately.

BRAKE LIGHTS

Show that you are braking

Brake lights warn following road users that you are applying the brakes. They are a communication signal, not a substitute for safe following distance or observation.

HOW TO APPLY

React to brake lights early

If the vehicle ahead shows brake lights, assess the developing situation and be prepared to reduce your speed or stop if necessary.

THEORY TEST

Brake lights vs indicators

Brake lights communicate braking. Direction indicators communicate an intended change of direction or movement. Do not confuse the two.

REVERSING LIGHTS

Indicate an intention to reverse

Reversing lights indicate that a vehicle intends to reverse. Treat this as a warning and take particular care around the vehicle.

HOW TO APPLY

Expect hidden movement

A reversing vehicle can have significant blind spots. Do not pass close behind it or assume the driver has seen you.

THEORY TEST

What do reversing lights mean?

The key answer is simple: the driver intends to reverse. Do not interpret the lights as permission for you to pass behind the vehicle.

ARM SIGNALS

Know the three basic meanings

Arm signals can communicate an intention to move or turn left, move or turn right, or slow down or stop. They may be used when indicators are not used or to reinforce other signals.

HOW TO APPLY

Look at the direction of the arm

For Theory Test questions, focus on what the arm position communicates: left movement, right movement, or slowing and stopping. Cyclists and people in charge of horses may also use these signals.

THEORY TEST

Why are arm signals tested?

Questions may show an arm position and ask what the person intends to do. Learn the three core meanings rather than relying on the vehicle's indicators.

HAZARD LIGHTS

Warn about a temporary hazard

Hazard warning lights can be used to warn other road users of a hazard or obstruction, including when traffic is temporarily obstructed.

HOW TO APPLY

Do not confuse hazards with indicators

Indicators communicate a specific intended direction or movement. Hazard lights communicate a warning about a hazard or temporary obstruction.

THEORY TEST

The signal must match the situation

Theory Test questions often test whether you understand why a signal is being used, not simply which lights are visible.

Site Editorial Note: This is an editorial Theory Test revision summary, not a replacement for the official Highway Code.

Remember Before the Theory Test

INDICATORS Show your intended movement or direction. An indicator does not give you priority.
BRAKE LIGHTS Show that the vehicle is applying the brakes. Be prepared to react to what is happening ahead.
REVERSING LIGHTS Mean the vehicle intends to reverse. Expect blind spots and avoid passing close behind.
ARM SIGNALS Know the three core meanings: left, right, and slowing or stopping.
HAZARD LIGHTS Warn other road users about a hazard, obstruction or temporary obstruction.
SIGNAL ≠ PRIORITY Seeing an indicator does not mean the vehicle can move. Always consider whether the manoeuvre is safe.
USE FOR THE RIGHT PURPOSE Direction indicators, brake lights, reversing lights and hazard lights each communicate different information.
CYCLISTS & HORSES Arm signals are also important for cyclists and people in charge of horses.
Site Editorial Note: These comparisons are editorial explanations designed to highlight common Theory Test traps. They are not official Highway Code wording.

Don't Mix These Up on the Theory Test

Signals can look similar or appear together, but each one communicates a different message.

Indicator
Intended direction or movement
vs
Priority
Remember
An indicator shows intention; it does not give the driver priority or guarantee that the manoeuvre is safe.
Brake lights
Vehicle is braking
vs
Reversing lights
Remember
Brake lights mean braking; reversing lights indicate an intention to reverse.
Indicator
Specific direction
vs
Hazard lights
Remember
An indicator communicates a particular movement; hazard lights warn of a hazard or temporary obstruction.
Arm signal
Manual communication
vs
Direction indicator
Remember
Arm signals communicate the same basic intentions—left, right, or slowing/stopping—and may be used when indicators are not used or to reinforce them.
Reversing lights
Vehicle intends to reverse
vs
Safe to pass behind
Remember
Reversing lights are a warning, not an invitation to pass. Stay clear and allow for blind spots.
Signal
Communication to others
vs
Action
Remember
A signal communicates an intention or warning. The driver must still make the manoeuvre safely and obey the road situation.
Site Editorial Note: These FAQs are written by our editorial team to explain the Highway Code and support Theory Test preparation. Always check the current Highway Code for official rules.

Signals to Other Road Users: Theory Test FAQ

What do direction indicators mean?

They show an intention to move out to the right, move in to the left, turn, or stop on the left. Remember that an indicator communicates intention and does not give you priority.

Do indicators give a driver priority?

No. An indicator tells other road users what the driver intends to do. The driver must still check that the manoeuvre is safe and obey any applicable priority rules.

What do brake lights tell other road users?

Brake lights show that the vehicle is applying its brakes. If you see them on the vehicle ahead, assess the situation and be prepared to slow or stop.

What do reversing lights mean?

They indicate that a vehicle intends to reverse. Take particular care because the driver may have limited visibility behind the vehicle.

What are the three main arm signals drivers should know?

The core meanings are: moving or turning left, moving or turning right, and slowing down or stopping. These signals are also relevant to cyclists and people in charge of horses.

When can arm signals be used?

They can be used when direction indicators are not used, or when necessary to reinforce direction indicators or stop lights. They are also used by pedal cyclists and those in charge of horses.

What do hazard warning lights mean?

They warn other road users about a hazard or obstruction, including when a vehicle is temporarily obstructing traffic. They are different from ordinary direction indicators.

What is the difference between hazard lights and indicators?

Direction indicators communicate a specific intended movement or direction. Hazard lights warn other road users about a hazard or temporary obstruction.

Can an indicator be used as a signal that it is safe to move?

No. A signal only communicates an intention. You must still check mirrors, surrounding traffic, road position and any other hazards before moving.

What signal should I remember for a vehicle that intends to reverse?

Look for reversing lights and treat them as a warning that the vehicle intends to reverse. Stay clear of its path and do not assume the driver can see you.